The Museum of Discomfort
Exhibiting Colonial Histories at the Statens Museum for Kunst
Anna Vestergaard Jørgensen is defending her PhD thesis.
Der har i de seneste år været en stigende interesse for kritiske undersøgelser af den koloniale fortid i kunstudstillinger. Der er dog stadig brug for nærmere at forstå kolonialismens betydning for kunstbegrebet, for kunsthistorien som fag og for kunstens institutioner. Denne afhandling er en undersøgelse af sammenhængene mellem kunstmuseer og kolonialisme med særligt fokus på SMK – Statens Museum for Kunst. Afhandlingen præsenterer dels en analyse af, hvordan kolonihistorie er kommet til syne i både historiske og nutidige udstillinger, dels en diskussion af hvordan man kan analysere og arbejde i krydsfeltet mellem kunsthistorie, museologi og kolonihistoriske studier: Hvordan tilgår man dette arbejde, hvad ser man efter, og hvordan gør man rede for de skiftende historiske betingelser for, hvordan kolonihistorien er kommet til syne?
Afhandlingen er struktureret omkring analyserne af tre udstillinger på SMK: Jakob Danielsen (1941), Ufortalte historier (2017) og Kirchner og Nolde – til diskussion (2021). Fokus for afhandlingens første del er, hvordan og hvorfor kolonihistorie er forsvundet fra det fysiske museumsrum – ikke mindst gennem de historiske samlingsudskillelser, der har adskilt ”kunst” fra ”etnografi”. Som Jakob Danielsen udstillingen viser, så blev denne grønlandske kunstners værker set som ”primitiv kunst” og som noget, der ikke selvfølgeligt hørte til på museet. Afhandlingens anden del fokuserer primært på idéen om det ubehagelige. Med fokus på de to nylige udstillinger på SMK undersøges kolonihistoriens affektive strukturer i forhold til kunstmuseer. Det er et af afhandlingens hovedargumenter, at kolonihistorie kommer til syne som noget ubehageligt i udstillinger og i museumsrummet, og at denne tilsynekomst både baserer sig på det ”affektive arbejde”, der udføres af eksterne samarbejdspartnere, og på det praktiske arbejde i de kuratoriske processer.
In recent years there has been an increased focus on critical interrogations of colonial history within art exhibitions. However, the importance of colonialism for the very idea of art, for the discipline of art history, and for its institutions still needs to be further understood. This thesis is an examination of interlinkages between art museums and colonialism with a particular focus on the SMK – the National Gallery of Denmark. On one level, the thesis analyses how colonial history has appeared in both historical and contemporary exhibitions. On another level, the thesis discusses how to analyse and work within the intersecting fields of art history, museology, and studies of colonial history: how should one approach it, what should one look for, and how should one account for the changing historical foundations for how colonial history has appeared?
The thesis is structured around the analyses of three exhibitions at the SMK: Jakob Danielsen (1941), What Lies Unspoken (2017), and Kirchner and Nolde – Up for discussion (2021). The focus of the first part of the thesis is how and why colonial history has disappeared from the physical museum space, not least through the historical formations of the collection that separated “art” from “ethnography”. As Jakob Danielsen shows, this Greenlandic artist’s works were considered within tropes of primitivism as something that did not fit easily within the art museum. The second part of the thesis takes the notion of discomfort as its main focus. With a focus on two recent exhibitions at the SMK, the thesis examines the affective structures of colonial history in art museums. In particular, the thesis’ central argument is that colonial history appears as something uncomfortable within exhibitions and the museum space: both in terms of the “affective work” done by external collaborators and in terms of the practical work and decision-making in curatorial processes.
Assessment Committee
- Associate Professor Anne Folke Henningsen, Chair (University of Copenhagen)
- Associate Professor Chiara de Cesari (University of Amsterdam)
- Professor Mårten Snickare (Stockholm University)
Leader of the defence
- Associate Professor Rune Gade (University of Copenhagen)
Copies of the dissertation will be available at:
- Copenhagen University Library, KUB Søndre Campus, Karen Blixens Plads 7
- The Black Diamond, Søren Kierkegaards Plads 1
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